PEDIGREES, BREEDING, AND NORTH AMERICAN
SIRE LINES
"The reputation of great stallions as sires of sires ultimately is dependent
on the accomplishments of a very few sons. Only the greatest sires of sires
produce more than a few sons who make a lasting impact and establish enduring
branches of their male lines."
John P. Sparkman
Abigail (Anderson) and Ann Maree (Matthews) have developed a
"primer" for those who have an interest in learning or expanding
their knowledge about thoroughbred pedigree analysis, breeding theory, and the
evolution of North American sire lines. This will be a work in progress, and is meant to help the newcomer to a
basic understanding about pedigrees, breeding theory, and North American sire
lines.
 |
| ECLIPSE was one of the first thoroughbreds. |
PRINCIPAL NORTH AMERICAN SIRE LINES
I. Introduction
The Thoroughbred originated in England from a (still)
mysterious concoction of Arabians, Barbs, Persians and indigenous mares who
were of a mixed breed of we-know-not-what. The “founding fathers” of the breed,
however, remain The Byerley Turk, The Godolphin Arabian and The Darley Arabian
and all thoroughbreds trace back to one of these three stallions. The most influential of the three has proven to be The Darley Arabian, whose
descendants are overwhelming in number compared to the other two.
Like all countries in the world, therefore, the North American thoroughbred traces its roots back to different sire lines that (in the beginning) originate from British bloodstock. Then, over time, American - and Canadian-bred and born thoroughbreds come to the fore to produce what we would classify today as the North American thoroughbred.
 |
| MATCHEM, another of the earliest thoroughbreds who would influence the breed worldwide. |
This category begins with thoroughbred stallions of
antiquity, at least in North American terms. They are horses who either came to
America, or sent direct progeny to America; in either case, they “founded” the
sire lines that would shape the North American thoroughbred as we know it
today.
Several of these names will be familiar and all except one
dominant sire line trace back to British ECLIPSE
(1764). The other “foundation” sire line is that of MATCHEM (1748). See #4/* below for more about him.
{PLEASE NOTE: The
order below is chronological. The term “descendants” are the product of sire-to-son,
as is the case in any direct sire line. So, for example, if you punched Rough
n’ Tumble into pedigreequery.com, you would follow his sire, grandsire, great
grandsire across the top line of his pedigree until you reach Himyar {#1 in
list below}. As well, please note that not every stallion listed below stood in
the USA or Canada, although their influence was fundamental to the evolution of
the NA thoroughbred. Too, the sons and descendants mentioned are only those
that had a direct impact on the North American thoroughbred.}
1) HIMYAR (1875)
– from whom descends Domino (1891), his son, Commando (1898) and grandson,
Colin ((1905). From Commando descends the leading sire of 1994, Broad Brush (1983). Domino’s son Plaudit (1895) is the sire line from whom descends Rough n’
Tumble (1948), the sire of Dr. Fager (1964), grandsire of Great Above (1972) and great grandsire of Holy Bull (1991).
2) ISINGLASS
(1890) – son Star Shoot (1898) produces Grey Lag (1918) & Sir Barton (1916); another son,
John o’ Gaunt (1901) produces Swynford (1907) who sires Challenger II (sire of
Challendon and Gallorette) & Blandford (sire of Blenheim II, who sires
Mahmoud and Whirlaway). |
| The great DR. FAGER descends from HIMYAR. |
3) BEN BRUSH (1893):
son Sweep (1907) produces The Porter (1915), who sires Rosemont (1932); son Broomstick (1901)
produces Whisk Broom II (1907).
* 4) MATCHEM
(1748): This stallion was also hugely influential and was a contemporary of
ECLIPSE (1764), so his descendants don’t trace back to Eclipse like the others
in this list. A son, WEST AUSTRALIAN
(1850) sires Australian (1858) the sire of Spendthrift, whose son Hastings (1893) produces Fair Play (1905) who, in turn, produces Man O’ War (1917) and Display(1923), who sires Discovery (1931), the broodmare sire of Native Dancer, Bold Ruler and Bed O' Roses; another son
of Hastings, Solon (1961), sires Barcaldine (1878) from whom descends Hurry On (1913).
5) TEDDY (1913):
son Sir Gallahad III (1920) sires the full brothers Gallant Fox and Fighting Fox (the most potent of
this sire line), as well as Roman; another son, Bull Dog (1927) sires Bull Lea, the
sire of Twilight Tear and US Triple Crown winner, Citation; and a third son,
Sun Teddy ((1933) sires Sun Again from whom Sword Dancer, Damascus, Ogygian and
Private Account, among others, descend.
6) BAY RONALD (1893): son Bayardo (1906) sires the UK Triple Crown winner, Gainsborough, who, in turn, sires the hugely influential Hyperion (1930). Hyperion’s most influential sons in North America were Alibhai, Khaled (sire of Swaps) and Stardust (whose son Star Kingdom {IRE} had a huge impact on the Australian-New Zealand thoroughbred); another son of Bay Ronald, Dark Ronald (1905), sires Son-In-Law (1911), the sire of Bosworth (1926).
 |
| ALIBHAI, one of HYPERION'S most influential North American sons. |
7) ST. SIMON (1881): from son Chaucer (1900) descends Migoli (1944) and his son,
Gallant Man (1954); from son Persimmon (1893) and grandson,
Sicambre (1948), descends Roi Dagobert (1964) & Shantung (1956). But it is Persimmon’s great great grandson, PRINCEQUILLO (1940),
whose name would resonate loudest in North America, through his sons Go
Marching, Prince John and Round Table, as well as his arguably most famous daughter,
Somethingroyal, the dam of Secretariat.
8) VEDETTE (1854): Although
this stallion had a tiny progeny, one of his sons, Galopin (1872) would sire
St. Simon (# 7, above) whose grandson, Havresac (1915) would give the world RIBOT (1952). And from Ribot come the
important sires Arts and Letters (1966), Graustark (1963), His Majesty (1968)
and Tom Rolfe (1962).
 |
| RIBOT winning the King George VI + Queen E Stakes at Ascot. |
9) PHALARIS (1913): his
son Pharos (1920) sires NEARCO (1935) who,
in turn, sires NASRULLAH (1940). (NOTE: Further sons of Nearco appear in separate number listings, below)
Sons of Nasrullah:
a) Fleet Nasrullah (1955) who sires Gummo;
b) Grey Sovereign (1956) from whom descends Caro and Caro’s sons, Cozzene, Grand Flotilla, Siberian Express, Tejano,With Approval and Zeddaan;
c) Nashua (1952);
d) Red God (1954) whose son Blushing Groom sires Blushing John, Candy Stripes, Mt. Livermore, Nashwan, Rahy, Runaway Groom, Rainbow Quest & Sillery;
e) Never Bend (1960), sire of Mill Reef, Never Tabled, Proudest Roman, Riverman, and Irish River, among others;
f) Nasram (1960), sire of Naskra;
g) Bold Ruler (1954), sire of Chieftan, Raja Baba, Dewan, Bold Bidder, Cornish Prince, Secretariat, What A Pleasure, Boldnesian (who sires Bold Reasoning, the sire of Seattle Slew) and Irish Castle, the sire of Bold Forbes;
10) Royal Charger
(1942): Another son of NEARCO, who sires Turn-to (1951) who, in turn, sires
Cyane (sire of Smarten), Best Turn (sire of Cox’s Ridge), First Landing (sire
of Riva Ridge), Hail To Reason (sire of Halo, Roberto and Stop The Music, among
others) and Sir Gaylord (sire of Habitat and Sir Ivor, among others).
11) Stockwell (1849):
His son, Doncaster (1870), sires Bend Or (1877) from whom descends Polymelus (1902), the sire of PHALARIS (and see # 9 above). Other
than Pharos (see #9 above), Phalaris’ son Manna (1922) is the sire from whom
Sham descends; another son of Phalaris, Fairway (1925) sires Fair Trial, from whom descends
Brigadier Gerard and Lord At War; and still another Phalaris son, Pharamond II (1925), sires
Menow (1935) who, in turn, sires Tom Fool (sire of Buckpasser and grandsire of
Norcliffe, from whom descends Lil E. Tee and Groovy). |
| Where would Japan's bloodstock be without him? The gorgeous HAIL TO REASON, grandsire of SUNDAY SILENCE. |
 |
| FRANKEL was compared to the incomparable BRIGADIER GERARD, shown here winning the King George VI + QE at Royal Ascot. |
Influential sons of Mr.
Prospector:
a)
Afleetb) Allen’s Prospect
c) Carson City
d) Conquistador Cielo
e) Crafty Prospector
f) Fappiano (sire of Unbridled and Quiet American, among others)
g) Forty Niner
h) Gone West
i) Gulch
j) Jade Hunter (sire of Azeri)
k) Kingmambo
l) Miswaki
m) Seeking The Gold
n) Smart Strike
o) Souvenir Copy
p) Two Punch (sire of Smoke Glacken)
q) Woodman
13) NEARCTIC
(1954): a son of NEARCO (see #9 above) and the sire of NORTHERN DANCER (1961)
 |
| NORTHERN DANCER |
III. Sire lines: contemporary
“pedigree talk”
Although the sire lines of the vast majority of North
American thoroughbreds are listed in Section II (above), most pedigree writers
won’t go this far back when discussing bloodlines. Instead, they will move
forward in time and this has the double effect of both calling up more recent knowledge from their readers, as well as preparing space in the
discussion for new sire lines that are emerging in a very influential way, like
that of Galileo, Danehill or Smart Strike. So, below, is a list of sire lines
that still dominate “pedigree talk” today. There are, of course, other less-referenced sire lines that don’t appear here. These "secondary" sire lines are referred to sparingl, usually because the line in question hasn’t managed to
sustain itself over time.
a)
Northern Dancer sire line + (sons)
Sadler’s Wells, Nijinsky II, Danzig sire lines + (grandsons) Galileo, Montjeu
& Danehill sire lines
b)
Domino sire line + (son) Commando sire
line
c)
Rough n’ Tumble sire line
d)
Blenheim II sire line + (son) Mahmoud
sire line
e)
Ben Brush sire line
f)
Fair Play sire line + (sons) Man O’
War and Discovery sire lines + grandsons War Admiral & War Relic sire lines
g)
Hurry On sire line
h)
Teddy sire line + (sons) Sir Gallahad
III and Bull Dog sire lines
i)
Hyperion sire line + (sons)
j)
Star Kingdom sire line (AUS
k)
Princequillo sire line + (son) Round
Table sire line
l)
Ribot sire line + (sons) Graustark, His Majesty & Tom Rolfe sire lines
m) Nasrullah sire line + (sons) Grey Sovereign, Red God, Never Bend and
Bold Ruler sire lines + (grandsons) Blushing Groom, Caro and Mill Reef sire
lines + (great grandson) Seattle Slew sire line
n)
Turn-to sire line + (sons) Hail To
Reason and Sir Gaylord sire lines + (grandson) Halo sire line + (great
grandson) Sunday Silence sire line
o)
Phalaris sire line
p)
Sickle sire line
q)
Fair Trial sire line
r)
Menow sire line + (son) Tom Fool sire
line (re: grandsons Buckpasser, Norcliffe)
s)
Polynesian sire line + (sons) Native
Dancer, Raise A Native, Exclusive Native and Mr. Prospector sire lines.
(Source: DYNASTIES by Edward Bowen, The Eclipse Press)
(Source: DYNASTIES by Edward Bowen, The Eclipse Press)
**************************
PEDIGREE ANALYSIS 101 - Discussion
Below is a discussion of two thoroughbreds: K One King, who it is hoped will rescue the Princequillo/Round Table line; and the great racemare, Zenyatta, who won 19 of 20 races, and is the only female to win the Breeders Cup Classic, plus many other honors including Horse of the Year.
K One King, is
important because he is the last living Grade 1 winner of the
Princequillo/Round Table sire line.
Gunpowder Farms has embarked on a grand experiment to revive this line. King stands at Margeaux Farms in
Kentucky. Link to his stallion page
with some photos of his foals: http://www.margauxfarm.com/horses/k-one-king.html
The second,
Zenyatta, needs no introduction. She
proved herself far beyond anyone's expectations when she debuted in November of
2007, going undefeated in 19 starts, coming up a head short in her final race,
retiring as the only female to win the Breeders Cup Classic, Older Female three
years in a row, and named the 2010 Horse of the Year. Now retired and into her third year as a producing broodmare, it
will take many years before we know what Zenyatta's legacy will be at stud,
whether she will stamp herself among the greats, or what the ultimate result
will be. So far she has produced three
foals, two colts and one filly. Her
first, Cozmic One (Bernardini), born 2012, is expected to debut late in 2014
and is in training with John Shirreffs at his New York barn. Her second, Ziconic (Tapit), is a strapping
chestnut yearling colt, born 2013.
Third time was the charm, and this year she had a filly by War Front,
born on Easter, April 20, 2014.
K ONE KING
We focus on K One King because an effort is being made that through him the Princequillo/Round Table sire line can be brought back to health. King is the last grade 1 winning descendent of Princequillo and Round Table in North America. Commentary on this project by Ellen Parker at her web site opening page: http://www.reines-de-course.com/
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| K ONE KING on track during his racing days |
We focus on K One King because an effort is being made that through him the Princequillo/Round Table sire line can be brought back to health. King is the last grade 1 winning descendent of Princequillo and Round Table in North America. Commentary on this project by Ellen Parker at her web site opening page: http://www.reines-de-course.com/
Here is this stallion's (beautiful) pedigree.
http://www.pedigreequery.com/k+one+king
"Sire Line" is a pedigree term that refers to the direct line from stallion to son and is always the top line in a pedigree. So, for K One King, you see that his sire is Apalachee, a son of Round Table out of the fabulous Mocassin. The "sire line" is the Apalachee part, or the top line, shown. So we would say that he is from the Princequillo sire line. Mocassin's descent owes to the Nasrullah, but this is seen as a "nick" meaning a successful combination of Princequillo-Nasrullah in K One King's pedigree. It's not irrelevant at all but, as important as Nasrullah is in North American thoroughbred bloodlines, he is not K One King's sire line. The dam sire line is always the sire of the dam and it also runs from sire to son. So, in K One King's pedigree, his dam Tis Michele hails from the Native Dancer/Polynesian sire line, also very potent in shaping the NA thoroughbred. At least, that's what some pedigree experts would say. Actually, though, the sire line here is that of SICKLE, a son of PHALARIS, who (Phalaris) had a HUGE impact on the NA thoroughbred and is seen as one of its foundation sires. Phalaris produced 3 sons whose "lines" are treated as sire lines really for clarity. (The sons were: SICKLE [who had Polynessian who sired Native Dancer from whom descends Mr. Prospector], PHAROS, the sire of Nearco, from who descends Northern Dancer and PHARAMOND II, a full brother to Sickle, who produced Menow. So the Nasrullah, Mr. Prospector, Bold Ruler, Royal Charger and Northern Dancer sire lines are all "branches" of the PHALARIS foundation sire line.)
"Sire Line" is a pedigree term that refers to the direct line from stallion to son and is always the top line in a pedigree. So, for K One King, you see that his sire is Apalachee, a son of Round Table out of the fabulous Mocassin. The "sire line" is the Apalachee part, or the top line, shown. So we would say that he is from the Princequillo sire line. Mocassin's descent owes to the Nasrullah, but this is seen as a "nick" meaning a successful combination of Princequillo-Nasrullah in K One King's pedigree. It's not irrelevant at all but, as important as Nasrullah is in North American thoroughbred bloodlines, he is not K One King's sire line. The dam sire line is always the sire of the dam and it also runs from sire to son. So, in K One King's pedigree, his dam Tis Michele hails from the Native Dancer/Polynesian sire line, also very potent in shaping the NA thoroughbred. At least, that's what some pedigree experts would say. Actually, though, the sire line here is that of SICKLE, a son of PHALARIS, who (Phalaris) had a HUGE impact on the NA thoroughbred and is seen as one of its foundation sires. Phalaris produced 3 sons whose "lines" are treated as sire lines really for clarity. (The sons were: SICKLE [who had Polynessian who sired Native Dancer from whom descends Mr. Prospector], PHAROS, the sire of Nearco, from who descends Northern Dancer and PHARAMOND II, a full brother to Sickle, who produced Menow. So the Nasrullah, Mr. Prospector, Bold Ruler, Royal Charger and Northern Dancer sire lines are all "branches" of the PHALARIS foundation sire line.)
So you can see that K One King carries a really
impressive bloodline on the "top" (Apalachee) and on the
"bottom" (Tis Michele) of his pedigree. The "top" = tail
male in pedigree talk; the "bottom" = tail female.
Part of what makes the "talk" about
pedigrees hard to de-code is synonyms, like top/tail male and also the fact
that different pedigree people will refer to sire lines and
"families," since the dam's pedigree is considered a
"family." For example, you talk about the dam's family and the sire line of a
given individual, as in K One King comes from the family of Native
Dancer/Polynesian and the family of Nasrullah (which are also sire lines
depending on where they appear in a horse's pedigree). Too, every
country/continent has its own foundation sire lines and depending on who you
read regarding the NA thoroughbred, you'll get either the foundation sire lines
(PHALARIS being most central here) or you get the "branches" -- sire
lines a little closer to the horse being discussed (POLYNESIAN + NASRULLAH) in the
case of K One King.
My advice for those interested is to start with
the actual PEDIGREE at pedigreequery.com and trace the sire + dam sire lines
back for yourself. Then use a search engine like GOOGLE to search the "head"
of the sire/dam sire lines to find out more. Then you might consult sites like Reines de course for an even a deeper "take." As well, there are some excellent books on the subject of sire lines, several of which appear in the many resources cited below. There are listed at the end of the narrative many web sites and suggested books for further study.
ZENYATTA
 |
| ZENYATTA pictured here with her best friend, MARIO ESPINOZA |
Over three
years ago, Abigail wrote an article which was published at Steve Haskin's
"Hangin' With Haskin" blog at BloodHorse.com. Titled, "A Response to 'I Lied' ,"
it was written in response to Haskin's final tribute to Zenyatta. Titled "I Lied", it recounted
Haskin's heartfelt "farewell" to the great racemare upon her
retirement to Lane's End Farm December 2010.
Any article that Steve Haskin wrote about Zenyatta always garnered
record numbers of Comments, however, this particular column brought 551
responses, which broke the previous record for replies by a wide margin. Read
"I Lied" here * Abigail wrote a response which Haskin later
posted at his blog, which discussed Zenyatta's history and her family tree in
depth. In addition to the column, the
reader is directed to the near record number of responses, which comments in
many cases were worthy of publication on their own. A
Response to "I Lied". **
This article became the inspiration for Abigail to write her own blog, The Vault: Horse Racing Past
and Present, now over three years old, and a terrific resource for
exploring and researching both historical and modern Thoroughbreds and their
bloodlines.
Reference and links to materials for further study
Nomenclature/Explanation of Breeding Terms http://www.washingtonthoroughbred.com/magazine/Terms.htm
Sport Horse Breeder - http://www.sport-horse-breeder.com/
The site name is somewhat misleading, as it covers principles that are relevant to all areas of horse breeding, not just the sport horse. Provides in depth information on how to "build" a pedigree, and also, discusses the Tesio Methods. A huge array of links to other sources for study, information, and research.
Rachel, Rags
and Zenyatta: The Power of "X" - A three-part series http://thevaulthorseracing.wordpress.com/?s=Rachel%2C+Rags+and+Zenyatta
The chart is
available for purchase for $50 plus S/H at the above link.
Here is a link to
the same site, listing the Sire Lines, and some of the sires listed have a link
to more info on a particular horse: Prominent
Sires List http://www.prominentsirelines.com/Prominent_Sires__List.php
Historical
information as well as
technical info - Portraits of Thoroughbreds Thoroughbred Heritage http://www.tbheritage.com/index.html
Frank
Mitchell author of Racehorse
Breeding Theories, as well as the book Great Breeders and Their
Methods: The Hancocks.
Chef-de-Race
site: Chef de Race list of suggested
sites for further study http://www.chef-de-race.com/links.htm
THOROUGHBRED HERITAGE (CLICK to go to the site)
ThOROUGHBRED BLOODLINES (CLICK to go to site)
THOROUGHBRED HERITAGE (CLICK to go to the site)
ThOROUGHBRED BLOODLINES (CLICK to go to site)
John P.
Sparkman: A prominent pedigree analyst and consultant,
now writes for the DRF:
http://www.drf.com/news/columnists/288085 Link to articles author has written while
he's been at the DRF.
Link to articles by author written for the TDN: http://www.thoroughbreddailynews.com/members/oped/index.cfm?authors_id=33
Author's blog: http://pedigreecurmudgeon.blogspot.com/
"Great Racemares as Producers" - John Sparkman https://app.box.com/s/f13c825ed72ce73f88b5
"Great Racemares as Producers" - John Sparkman https://app.box.com/s/f13c825ed72ce73f88b5
TDN Special Feature The Contemporary Rise of German Bloodlines http://www.thoroughbreddailynews.com/restricted/pdf/magazine/German_Bloodlines.pdf
BloodHorse.com - Thoroughbred
Breeding News, Sire Lists, Newcomers, and Pedigree Analysis
http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/thoroughbred-breeding
Rob Whiteley Owner, breeder. Professor Rob Whiteley, US-based breeder and co-founder of the Horse Farm Workers’ Educational Assistance Fund and the Consignors and Commercial Breeders Association, bids farewell to American sport. (From TDN Nov, 5, 2012, Rob Whiteley's farewell to the sport. TDN Nov. 27, 2012 Tribute to Rob Whiteley)
http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/thoroughbred-breeding
Rob Whiteley Owner, breeder. Professor Rob Whiteley, US-based breeder and co-founder of the Horse Farm Workers’ Educational Assistance Fund and the Consignors and Commercial Breeders Association, bids farewell to American sport. (From TDN Nov, 5, 2012, Rob Whiteley's farewell to the sport. TDN Nov. 27, 2012 Tribute to Rob Whiteley)
http://www.liberationfarm.com/robBY.htm
- More columns penned by Whiteley for the TDN
Bill Oppenheim
Bill Oppenheim
A Kansas native who has worked in racing journalism since
1974. For the past 10 years he has written a weekly column for TDN
(Thoroughbred Daily News), as well as reporting from the major sales. He also
works as a private consultant for pedigree analysis.
Books:
"Dynasties"
- Edward Bowen
"Sire
Lines" - Abram Hewitt
"Foundation
Mares" - John Sparkman
"International
Stallions and Studs" - Michael Seth-Smith
"Breeding the Racehorse" - Federico Tesio Order from Amazon dot Com
"Thoroughbred Breeding: Pedigree Theories and the Science of Genetics" - Binns, Morris - Order from Amazon - $50-$65
"Breeding the Racehorse" - Federico Tesio Order from Amazon dot Com
"Thoroughbred Breeding: Pedigree Theories and the Science of Genetics" - Binns, Morris - Order from Amazon - $50-$65
Articles about prominent sires
Bold Ruler
Princequillo http://www.reines-de-course.com/princequillo.htm
Ribot http://www.racehorseowner.com/art/rho-the-greatest-racehorse-of-all-time-is-not-frankel.html
Round Table https://app.box.com/s/h3vw4ib85he3vqtpkv20
St. Simon http://www.reines-de-course.com/st__simon.htm
Round Table https://app.box.com/s/h3vw4ib85he3vqtpkv20
St. Simon http://www.reines-de-course.com/st__simon.htm
Ellen Parker
Reines
de Course - Queens of the Turf - Female Families http://www.reines-de-course.com/
As no discussion of pedigrees is complete without the other half of the equation, the females of the bloodlines, we suggest the reader explore Ellen Parker's Reines-de-Course site.
As no discussion of pedigrees is complete without the other half of the equation, the females of the bloodlines, we suggest the reader explore Ellen Parker's Reines-de-Course site.
From Parker's web site: The Reines-de-Course ("Queens of the Turf") series was created by Ellen Parker in 1991 as a guide to influential female Thoroughbred families that could be utilized to improve the breed. Now, some twenty plus years after its inception, the number of mares given the coveted designation of Reine-de-Course has grown to over 800. More than a list of names, meticulous research and lengthy articles have surrounded the naming of each family, creating a historical documentation on female Thoroughbred families not found in any other singular location." At Pedigree Query site, mares that have received the designation, Reines-de-Course, have an asterisk placed after their names.
Federico Tesio
No reference list
on the Thoroughbred would be complete without acknowledging the contributions
made by Federico Tesio. Federico Tesio
(17 January 1869 – 22 May 1954) was an Italian and one of the most important breeders
of thoroughbreds in the history of horse racing. He has been called "the
only genius ever to operate in the breeding world" and "the greatest
single figure in the history of Italian racing". Tesio's Wiki page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Tesio He bred two of the most successful and
important Thoroughbreds in history, Ribot and Nearco. Ribot Wiki page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribot_(horse) Nearco Wiki page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearco
OTHER
Links to various sources for pedigree analysis
http://horseracing.about.com/od/pedigrees/a/aatbpedigree.htmLinks to various sources for pedigree analysis
http://www.bloodlines.net/
Unofficial
Thoroughbred Hall of Fame at Spiletta
http://www.spiletta.com/UTHOF/index.html
*****************************
copyright Abigail
Anderson and Ann Maree Matthews
August 7, 2014
August 7, 2014
________________________________________
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modified: 8/10/2014 12:40 p.m. EDT
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